JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia

Knowledge and Attitude Level of Medical Students from Universitas Sumatera Utara about The Importance of COVID-19 Vaccine

Chyntia Caroline — 2022-11-15

Background. In the beginning of 2020, earth have been shocked by new pneumonia virus pandemic that start from Wuhan, Tiongkok. The virus have been rapidly spread and the disease is called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This research is conducted to survey student’s knowledge and attitude about the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. Purpose. This research of this study is to describe FK USU student’s knowledge about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine. Methods. Observational research without intervention or experiment with cross sectional design. Data will be collected by quesionaire. The number of sample that needed for this study are 88 sample and will be randomized using Simple Random Sampling method. Result. From this study, there are 50% of FK USU students with good knowledge, 40.4% with sufficient level of knowledge and 9.6% with low knowledge. Based on attitude level, there are 95.7% students with good level of attitude, 4.3% with sufficient level of attitude, while there are none of them with low level of attitude. Conclusion. Most of the USU’s Medical Student have good level of both knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccine.

PENGARUH POSISI DUDUK TERHADAP KELUHAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS YARSI ANGKATAN 2018

Natasyia Milenia — 2022-11-15

Background: Lectures in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic are generally held online, as well as at YARSI University. Sitting for a long time in online lectures requires students to be in a static or even uncomfortable sitting position. Sitting either upright or bent over a period of more than 30 minutes can cause muscle disorders so many individuals experience complaints of low back pain (LBP). It is felt as pain or muscle stiffness under the lower angle of the 12th costae and above the lower gluteal folds (inferior gluteal), with or without pain radiating from the lower back to the legs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between sitting posture and the incidence of low back pain in YARSI University students class of 2018 from the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Information Technology.

Methods: The research design used was quantitative analytic with a cross sectional research design. The sample was determined using the simple random sampling method. The collection instrument used in this study was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire. The researcher analyzed the univariate and bivariate data variables by using the chi-square test.

Results: Based on bivariate chi square analysis, the p value of sitting position with complaints of LBP was 0.741 (p>0.05), meaning that there was no significant relationship between sitting position and complaints of LBP.

Conclusions: There is no relationship between sitting position and complaints of low back pain on class of 2018 YARSI University students of Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Information Technology.

THE EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS ON

Muhammad Ilham Dhiya Rakasiwi — 2022-11-15

Background:

INFEKSI KUSTA PASCA INFEKSI COVID-19 : ANCAMAN PENYAKIT TROPIS TERABAIKAN PASCA PANDEMI BAGI INDONESIA

Arya Marganda Simanjuntak — 2022-11-15

Background: Leprosy is still a health problem in Indonesia and as the third world largest contributor the number of cases ranging from 8% world’s cases. Leprosy has various challenges in Indonesia, such as negative stigma, public reluctance to seek medical treatment and comply with medication and the pandemic. Pandemic COVID-19 seems to cover up leprosy cases in Indonesia. A Population-based study in Brazil showed that the impact of pandemic as increasing the diagnosis of multibacillary leprosy. Correlation studies COVID-19 and Leprosy is still unknown. No article identified about leprosy and COVID-19 related in Indonesia. Researchers are trying to explore more about leprosy infection and COVID-19 mechanisms that may occur and also probable condition that would happen in Indonesia.

Methods: This literature review sourced from Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar according to the inclusion criteria and evaluated and studied.

Discussion: Patient would had Lymphopenia after COVID-19. This supports growth of leprosy in the patient’s body as the patient contact with other leprosy patient. The growth will be progressive due to decreased immunity in COVID-19 patients that would persist for a certain period of time. Increasing severity of COVID-19, the greater the susceptibility of the patient to be infected with leprosy. This allows for a sudden spike in leprosy cases after the pandemic. Solution that can be carried out by the government, such as education to eradicate stigma, to serological examination of IgM PGL-1 are needed to find leprosy case as early as possible, especially in patients with sublclinical phase. Finding cases of leprosy as early as possible is needed so that it can be treated before the occurrence of disability in the patient.

Conclusion: Infection of COVID-19 would make patient more susceptible for leprosy infection to growth progressively hence increasing case of leprosy after the pandemic if the case is not found as early as possible especially in subclinical phase of Leprosy infection.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SMARTWATCHES AS FEEDBACK DEVICES FOR CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto — 2022-11-15

Introduction: Cardiac arrest is the first cause of mortality, causing 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. Previous studies have documented the potency of electronic devices such as smartwatch in increasing the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Thus, this review is made in order to evaluate the utility of smartwatches in increasing the quality of various CPR parameters.

Methods: This review follows PRISMA guidelines, searching for studies from databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar that evaluate the utility of smartwatches in increasing parameters of CPR quality, including depth or frequency, in adults and pediatric population. Quality of studies are assessed with Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB) 2.0.

Results and Discussion: Smartwatches are proven effective in guiding CPR both during in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and more so in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Smartwatch can increase both the accuracy of frequency and depth of chest compressions significantly. In pediatric population, regardless of expertise of helper, smartwatches can help in achieving high quality CPR. Feedback feature from smartwatches can prevent over- and underventilation. With increase of confidence of helper in reducing patient injury, smartwatch is also potential for maintaining CPR quality, resulting in better patient survival.

Conclusion: This review shows the effectiveness of smartwatches as CPR feedback devices that can increase quality, both in terms of depth and frequency. Further clinical studies are encouraged with greater samples to strengthen evidence.

The Potency of CtpF in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in The Development of CtpF-Inhibitors as Innovative Target Therapy in MDR/DR TB Treatment

Alfi Rahmatika — 2022-11-15

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death in the world with the number of cases reaching millions every year. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The occurrence of mutations in M. tuberculosis that cause resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs has become a health crisis in TB treatment. Drug resistance in TB consists of MDR TB and XDR TB. The incidence of MDR/XDR TB has increased rapidly in the world with total MDR TB cases reaching more than 480 thousand each year and 9% of those develop into XDR TB. Therefore, it is requisite to develop new therapeutic targets to reduce the prevalence of MDR/XDR TB. CtpF in M. Tuberculosis is the latest innovative therapeutic target in making a new anti-tuberculosis drug because it plays important role in M. tuberculosis homeostasis.

Method: This study was made using a non-systematic review method with four sources of publication and several keywords. Overall, 88 pieces of literature that meet the inclusion criteria were used.

Results and Discussion: CtpF is a type of P-type ATPase that transports Ca2+ ions and plays important role in responding to intraphagosomal stress conditions that are important for bacterial survival. Inhibition of CtpF can pull down Ca2+ homeostasis in M. tuberculosis so that it is unable to carry out various biomolecular processes and lose defense mechanisms against stress conditions. In addition, CtpF also has a very low mutation ability. This makes CtpF a druggable target for designing new anti-tuberculosis therapy that is not susceptible to resistance.

Conclusion: CtpF-inhibitor candidates have the potential to be developed as the latest target therapy in the treatment of MDR / XDR TB.

EFIKASI TERAPI PERILAKU KOGNITIF BERBASIS DARING TERHADAP GEJALA DEPRESI DAN ANSIETAS PADA PASIEN PARKINSON: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR

Nathaniel Gilbert Dyson — 2022-11-15

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety, which are often overlooked or untreated. Psychiatric treatment which is tailored especially for PD patients is still limited.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) in treating depression and anxiety in PD patients.

Methods: Literature searching is done in online databases PubMed, Cochrane, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOHost.

Results: Significant improvement of depression and anxiety score in patients treated with ICBT. ICBT also has a higher adherence and completion rate because of its flexibility and convenience. Factors affecting ICBT include duration of disease, patients’ perception, and patient-clinician relationship.

Conclusion: ICBT is an effective alternative therapy to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD patients, especially depression and anxiety. Overall, studies show improvement of depression and anxiety measured with standardized questionnaires, and patients show good adherence and high completion rate with this therapy.

Keywords: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, neuropsychiatric symptoms, Parkinson’s Disease

The Edge Provided by Prostratin Utilization in Reversing Latency and Eradicating Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Nadine Aurelie — 2022-11-15

Background: For decades, HIV has caused severe impact toward society by generating vulnerable population. Even though this condition can be kept stabile with antiretroviral usage, other issues including toxicity and resistance emerge due to long term utilization. Therefore, researchers have taken new approach to eradicate HIV infection, which is through shock and kill pace using latency reversal agent. One of the promising candidates is prostratin, compound obtained from medicinal plant extract.

Discussion: Aside of reactivating latent HIV-infected cell, prostratin can also prepare related immune system function to combat and eliminate HIV infection, enhancing success chance to obtain full recovery. Combination alongside with other pharmacotherapy agents can further escalate synergist effectivity in shock and kill approach, thus maximizing eradication of HIV infection completely.

Conclusion: Therefore, based on the discussion that has been explained above, it can be sum up that prostratin has several advantages compared to other latency reversal agents. Thus, prostratin application might bring one step closer for mankind to annihilate HIV infection completely.

HPV Vaccine as a Cervical Cancer Prevention Strategy in Indonesia

Kemal Akbar Suryoadji — 2022-11-15

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women in the world and the second most common in women in Indonesia. Cervical cancer accounts for 7.5% of cancer deaths in the world and most of them come from developing countries including Indonesia. The cause of cervical cancer is high-risk HPV and can actually be prevented through high-risk HPV vaccines that are available throughout the world, including Indonesia.

Discussion: The HPV vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing cervical cancer, which is known to reduce the incidence by up to 90%. Various preparations of the HPV vaccine have been shown to be safe to give to patients. Conditions in Indonesia currently make the HPV vaccine a mandatory vaccine given as part of the school children's immunization month program as an effort to prevent cervical cancer for the community in the future.

Conclusion: The HPV vaccine has effectiveness and side effects that are safe to be given to the public at large. The policy in Indonesia to require the provision of the HPV vaccine in the schoolchildren's immunization month program is the right step to prevent cervical cancer.