Immunological therapy in Melanoma
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Published:
Aug 22, 2020
Keywords:
Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, management, melanoma
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introductions: Immunotherapy for cancer is used based on the principle of the disease that the immune system is able to produce an immune response to tumor cells. Treatment is currently available for selective melanoma patients based on the response rate of the disease.
Objectives: To determine the management of melanoma using immunology.
Methods: This article was compiled using the literature review method, using 32 sources derived from journals and books.
Results: Interferon-α was approved for the treatment of adjuvant stage III melanoma with increased survival rate. New and more innovative approaches are needed with increasing therapeutic effects. The prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma in the world has changed dramatically since the presence of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
Discussions: Ipilimumab, which targets the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) protein is the first agent that exists. Furthermore, nivolumab and pembrolizumab that bind to programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) proteins have been shown to be more effective and lower in toxicity than ipilimumab. The combination of nivolumab or pembrolizumab with ipilimumab has resulted in increased response rates and patient survival rate results. This literature review will explore important clinical trial data that have led to the use of this immunotherapy agent in the world and some clinical trial results currently reported for new combination therapies.
Conclusions: At present immunology therapy for melanoma management can be applied.
Keywords: Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, management, melanoma
Article Details
How to Cite
Syakir, M., & Anggraini, D. (2020). Immunological therapy in Melanoma. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 8(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v8i2.118
Section
Article Review
References
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15. Long G V., Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, Levchenko E, De Braud F, Larkin J, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(20):1877–88.
16. Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, Rutkowski P, Mackiewicz A, Stroiakovski D, et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):30–9.
17. Koller KM, Wang W, Schell TD, Cozza EM, Kokolus KM, Neves RI, et al. Malignant melanoma-The cradle of anti-neoplastic immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016 Oct;106:25–54.
18. Maio M, Grob J-J, Aamdal S, Bondarenko I, Robert C, Thomas L, et al. Five-year survival rates for treatment-naive patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab plus dacarbazine in a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Apr;33(10):1191–6.
19. Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, Weber JS, Margolin K, Hamid O, et al. Pooled Analysis of Long-Term Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jun;33(17):1889–14.
20. Horvat TZ, Adel NG, Dang T-O, Momtaz P, Postow MA, Callahan MK, et al. Immune-Related Adverse Events, Need for Systemic Immunosuppression, and Effects on Survival and Time to Treatment Failure in Patients With Melanoma Treated With Ipilimumab at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct;33(28):3193–8.
21. Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Hamid O, Robert C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):908–18.
22. Weber JS, D’Angelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Apr;16(4):375–84.
23. Robert C, Long G V, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan;372(4):320–30.
24. Ribas A, Hamid O, Daud A, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Kefford R, et al. Association of Pembrolizumab With Tumor Response and Survival Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma. JAMA. 2016 Apr;315(15):1600–9.
25. Weber JS, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Topalian SL, Schadendorf D, Larkin J, et al. Safety Profile of Nivolumab Monotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar;35(7):785–92.
26. Schachter J, Ribas A, Long G V, Arance A, Grob J-J, Mortier L, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet (London, England). 2017 Oct;390(10105):1853–62.
27. Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, et al. Updated results from a phase III trial of nivolumab (NIVO) combined with ipilimumab (IPI) in treatment-naive patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) (CheckMate 067). J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 20;34(15 Suppl):9505.
28. Hugo W, Zaretsky JM, Sun L, Song C, Moreno BH, Hu-Lieskovan S, et al. Genomic and Transcriptomic Features of Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma. Cell. 2017 Jan;168(3):542.
29. Shin DS, Zaretsky JM, Escuin-Ordinas H, Garcia-Diaz A, Hu-Lieskovan S, Kalbasi A, et al. Primary Resistance to PD-1 Blockade Mediated by JAK1/2 Mutations. Cancer Discov. 2017 Feb;7(2):188–201.
30. Zaretsky JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS, Ordinas HE-, Hugo W, Hu-Lieskovan S, et al. Mutations Associated with Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(9):819–29.
31. Amaria RN, Menzies AM, Burton EM, Scolyer RA, Tetzlaff MT, Antdbacka R, et al. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in melanoma: recommendations of the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Jul;20(7):e378-89.
32. van Zeijl MCT, van den Eertwegh AJ, Haanen JB, Wouters MWJM. (Neo)adjuvant systemic therapy for melanoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017 Mar;43(3):534–43.
2. NICE. Melanoma: assessment and management. London; 2015. 1-60.
3. Elder DE. Pathology of melanoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015;24(2):229–37.
4. Coit DG, Thompson JA, Algazi A, Andtbacka R, Bichakjian CK, Carson WE 3rd, et al. Melanoma, Version 2.2016, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2016 Apr;14(4):450–73.
5. Martin S, Lo R. Update in Immunotherapies for Melanoma. In: Biologic and Systemic Agents in Dermatology. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 549–52.
6. Wellbrock C, Arozarena I. The complexity of the ERK/MAP-kinase pathway and the treatment of melanoma skin cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2016;4(Apr):1–9.
7. McArthur GA, Chapman PB, Robert C, Larkin J, Haanen JB, Dummer R, et al. Safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E) and BRAF(V600K) mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM-3): extended follow-up of a phase 3, randomised, open-label study. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Mar;15(3):323–32.
8. Flaherty L, Hamid O, Linette G, Schuchter L, Hallmeyer S, Gonzalez R, et al. A single-arm, open-label, expanded access study of vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma in the United States. Cancer J. 2014;20(1):18–24.
9. Zaman A, Wu W, Bivona TG. Targeting oncogenic BRAF: Past, present, and future. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(1197):1–19.
10. Shi H, Hugo W, Kong X, Hong A, Koya RC, Moriceau G, et al. Acquired resistance and clonal evolution in melanoma during BRAF inhibitor therapy. Cancer Discov. 2014 Jan;4(1):80–93.
11. Hugo W, Shi H, Sun L, Piva M, Song C, Kong X, et al. Non-genomic and Immune Evolution of Melanoma Acquiring MAPKi Resistance. Cell. 2015 Sep;162(6):1271–85.
12. Eroglu Z, Ribas A. Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors for melanoma: Latest evidence and place in therapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2016;8(1):48–56.
13. Robert C, Flaherty K, Nathan P, Hersey P, Garbe C, Milhem M, et al. Five-year outcomes from a phase 3 METRIC study in patients with BRAF V600 E/K-mutant advanced or metastatic melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2019 Mar;109:61–9.
14. Ascierto PA, McArthur GA, Dreno B, Atkinson V, Liszkay G, Di Giacomo AM, et al. Cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib in advanced BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma (coBRIM): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Sep;17(9):1248–60.
15. Long G V., Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, Levchenko E, De Braud F, Larkin J, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(20):1877–88.
16. Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, Rutkowski P, Mackiewicz A, Stroiakovski D, et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):30–9.
17. Koller KM, Wang W, Schell TD, Cozza EM, Kokolus KM, Neves RI, et al. Malignant melanoma-The cradle of anti-neoplastic immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016 Oct;106:25–54.
18. Maio M, Grob J-J, Aamdal S, Bondarenko I, Robert C, Thomas L, et al. Five-year survival rates for treatment-naive patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab plus dacarbazine in a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Apr;33(10):1191–6.
19. Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, Weber JS, Margolin K, Hamid O, et al. Pooled Analysis of Long-Term Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Jun;33(17):1889–14.
20. Horvat TZ, Adel NG, Dang T-O, Momtaz P, Postow MA, Callahan MK, et al. Immune-Related Adverse Events, Need for Systemic Immunosuppression, and Effects on Survival and Time to Treatment Failure in Patients With Melanoma Treated With Ipilimumab at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct;33(28):3193–8.
21. Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Hamid O, Robert C, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):908–18.
22. Weber JS, D’Angelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, et al. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Apr;16(4):375–84.
23. Robert C, Long G V, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan;372(4):320–30.
24. Ribas A, Hamid O, Daud A, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Kefford R, et al. Association of Pembrolizumab With Tumor Response and Survival Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma. JAMA. 2016 Apr;315(15):1600–9.
25. Weber JS, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Topalian SL, Schadendorf D, Larkin J, et al. Safety Profile of Nivolumab Monotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar;35(7):785–92.
26. Schachter J, Ribas A, Long G V, Arance A, Grob J-J, Mortier L, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet (London, England). 2017 Oct;390(10105):1853–62.
27. Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, et al. Updated results from a phase III trial of nivolumab (NIVO) combined with ipilimumab (IPI) in treatment-naive patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) (CheckMate 067). J Clin Oncol. 2016 May 20;34(15 Suppl):9505.
28. Hugo W, Zaretsky JM, Sun L, Song C, Moreno BH, Hu-Lieskovan S, et al. Genomic and Transcriptomic Features of Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma. Cell. 2017 Jan;168(3):542.
29. Shin DS, Zaretsky JM, Escuin-Ordinas H, Garcia-Diaz A, Hu-Lieskovan S, Kalbasi A, et al. Primary Resistance to PD-1 Blockade Mediated by JAK1/2 Mutations. Cancer Discov. 2017 Feb;7(2):188–201.
30. Zaretsky JM, Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS, Ordinas HE-, Hugo W, Hu-Lieskovan S, et al. Mutations Associated with Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(9):819–29.
31. Amaria RN, Menzies AM, Burton EM, Scolyer RA, Tetzlaff MT, Antdbacka R, et al. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in melanoma: recommendations of the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Jul;20(7):e378-89.
32. van Zeijl MCT, van den Eertwegh AJ, Haanen JB, Wouters MWJM. (Neo)adjuvant systemic therapy for melanoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017 Mar;43(3):534–43.