PENATALAKSANAAN HOLISTIK PADA PASIEN HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE

Abstract

ABSTRAK
 
Latar belakang: Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2012 menunjukkan 17,5 juta orang di dunia meninggal akibat penyakit kardiovaskuler atau 31% dari 56,5 juta kematian di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia, pada tahun 2018 diperkirakan 17,3 juta kematian disebabkan oleh penyakit kardiovaskuler dan lebih dari 3 juta kematian tersebut terjadi pada usia di bawah 60 tahun. Jumlah penderita dengan Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) belum diketahui dengan pasti, namun pada beberapa studi disebutkan pada penderita hipertensi akan berkembang menjadi penyakit jantung. Sebanyak 50-60% penderita hipertensi akan mengalami risiko gagal jantung. Seringkali penderita gagal dalam pengobatan karena ketidakmampuannya dalam memodifikasi gaya hidup, sehingga dokter harus menatalaksana pasien secara holistik dari berbagai aspek. Tujuan: Penerapan pelayanan dokter keluarga berbasis bukti pada pasien dengan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko, masalah klinis, serta penatalaksanaan dengan pendekatan patient centered dan family approach. Metode: Studi yang dilakukan adalah laporan kasus. Data primer diperoleh melalui anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik dengan melakukan kunjungan rumah, mengisi family folder, dan mengisi berkas pasien. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan diagnosis holistik awal, proses, dan akhir kunjungan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pembahasan: Diagnosis HHD pada kasus ini sudah sesuai dengan teori dan telaah kritis dari penelitian terkini. Penatalaksanaan HHD yang diberikan sudah sesuai dengan guideline, terlihat perkembangan yang baik pada gejala klinis dan perubahan perilaku pasien setelah dilakukan intervensi berdasarkan evidence-based medicine yang bersifat patient centered, dan family approach.
 
Kata Kunci: holistik, hypertensive heart disease, tatalaksana
 

ABSTRACT
 
Background: Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012, 17.5 million people in the world died from cardiovascular disease or 31% of 56.5 million deaths worldwide. In Indonesia in 2018 an estimated 17.3 million deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease and more than 3 million deaths occurred at the age of under 60 years. The number of patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) is not known with certainty, but in several studies mentioned in patients with hypertension will develop into heart disease. As many as 50-60% of people with hypertension will experience a risk of heart failure. Often, patients fail in treatment because of their inability to modify lifestyle, so doctors must manage patients holistically from various aspects. Objective: Implementation of family doctor services based on evidance based medicine in patients by identifying risk factors, clinical problems, and management with a patient centered and family approach. 
Method: The study was Case Report. Primary data was obtained through history taking and physical examination by making home visits, filling out family folders, and filling in patient files. Assessment was done based on the first holistic diagnosis, process, and end of the visit in quantitative and qualitative ways. Results: The diagnosis of HHD in this case was in accordance with the theory and critical analysis of current research. The management of HHD given was in accordance with the guidelines, there was a good development in clinical symptoms and changes in patient behavior after intervention based on evidence-based medicine which is patient centered, family approach.
 
Keywords: holistic, hypertensive heart disease, management