The Potency of Snakehead Fish (Ophiocephalus stratius) for Increasing Albumin Levels of Hypoalbuminemia Patient
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hypoalbuminemia is an abnormal condition indicated by low levels of albumin in the blood. Hypoalbuminemia can be caused by decreased albumin production or increased albumin loss through the kidney, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or extravascular space or increased albumin catabolism or a combination of 2 or more of these mechanisms. Hypoalbuminemia is associated with poor functional status, longer duration of hospitalization and higher morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, 40-50% of patients with hypoalbuminemia due to malnutrition experience of hypoalbuminemia, whereas 12% has severe hypoalbuminemia. Oral administration of high protein nutrition and parenteral albumin are alternative treatments for hypoalbuminemia.
Method: The article was compiled using the literature review method, involving 24 literatures sources from books and national or international journals.
Discussion: Snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus stratius) has a high protein content, especially albumin. The high albumin content of snakehead fish extract can function as a source of amino acids needed for albumin synthesis. Various effects of snakehead fish extract have been reported including accelerating wound healing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity, and having an important effect in hypoalbuminemia by increasing albumin levels in the blood. Snakehead fish extract can also increase IGF-1 levels which may reduce inflammation which may explain the correlation with increased albumin levels.
Conclusion: The amino acid content in snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) has an effect on increasing albumin levels in hypoalbuminemia patient.
Article Details
References
2. Hsu HY, Hwang LC, Lin CH, Lin CJ, Tjung JJ. Impact of Serum Albumin on Functional Status and Hospital Outcome in Oldest-Old Inpatients. International Journal of Gerontology. 2015;9:1-3.
3. Kurniwan W, Rumende CM, Harimurti K. Hipoalbuminemia pada Pasien Usia Lanjut dengan Pneumonia Komunitas: Prevalensi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kesintasan. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia. 2014;1(2):79-88.
4. Akirov A, Masri-Iraqi H, Atamna A, Shimon l. Low Albumin Levels Are Associated with Mortality Risk in Hospitalized Patients. Am J Med. 2017;130(12):1465.
5. Putri TD, Mongan AE, Memah MF. Gambaran Kadar Albumin Serum pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 Non Dialisis. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm). 2016;4(1):173-177.
6. Gounden V, Vashisht R, Jialal I. Hypoalbuminemia. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 20 May 2020. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
7. Murray RK, Granner DK, Rodwell VW. Protein Plasma dan Imunoglobulin. Buku Ajar Biokimia Harper. Jakarta: EGC. 2009.
8. Lee JS. Albumin for End-Stagw Liver Disease. Journal of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine. 2012;27:1-14.
9. Brock F, Bettinelli LA, Dobner T, Stobbe JC, Pomatti G, Telles CT. Prevalence of hypoalbuminemia and nutritional issues in hospitalized elders. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2016;24:2736.
10. Gatta A, Verardo A, Bolognesi M. Hypoalbuminemia. Intern Emerg Med. 2012;7(3):193-199.
11. Nicholson JP, Wolmarans MR, Park GR (2000) The role of albumin in critical illness. Br J Anaesth 85: 599-610.
12. Rothuizen J. Important clinical syndromes associated with liver disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2009;39:419–437.
13. Allison SP, Lobo DN, Stanga Z. The treatment of hypo-albuminaemia. Clin Nutr. 2001;20:275–279.
14. Woodcock TE. Revised Starling equation and the glyco-calyx model of transvascular fluid exchange: an improved para- digm for prescribing intravenous fluid therapy. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108:384–394.
15. Levitt DG, Levitt MD. Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements. Int J Gen Med. 2016;9:229-255.
16. Ballmer PE. Causes and mechanisms of hypoalbuminaemia. Clin Nutr. 2001;20(3):271-273.
17. Braamskamp MJ, Dolman KM, Tabbers MM. Clinical practice. Protein-losing enteropathy in children. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2010;169(10):1179-1185.
18. Martin, Kirsten. Channa striata Pongee. Editor: Karen Powers. Animal Diversity Web. 10 September 2020. http://www.animaldiversity.org/accounts/Channa_striata/
19. Abedi, S., Far, F.E., Hussain, K., Ahmad, Z., & Mat Jais, A.M. Effects of Haruan (C. striata) based cream on acute inflammation in croton oil induced mice ear edema model. Research Journal of Biological Science 2012;7(4), 181–187.
20. Mustafa, A., M Aris, W., & Yohanes, K. Albumin and zinc content of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract and its role in health. International Journal of Science and Technology. 2012;1(2), 1–8.
21. Chasanah E, Nurilmala M, Purnamasari AR, Fithtiani D. Komposisi Kimia, Kadar Albumin dan Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Protein Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) Alam dan Hasil Budidaya. JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2015;10(2):123-132.
22. Paliliewu N, Datau EA, Matheos JC, Surachmanto EE. Channa striatus capsules induces cytokine conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. J Exp Integr Med. 2013;3(3):1-6.
23. Muryawan MH, Soemantri Ag, Subagio HW, Sekarwana N. Pengaruh suplementasi ekstrak ikan gabus (Channa Striata) terhadap kadar albumin, kolesterol, waktu remisi dan kejadian relaps pada anak sindrom nefrotik. Journal of Clinical Medicine (Med Hosp). 2019;6(1):7-12.
24. Kusumawardhani, Trully. Pemberian diet formula tepung ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus) pada penderita sindrom nefrotik. Thesis. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro. 2004.