THE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS OF SEDENTARY POPULATION IN RELATION TO CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Published:
Nov 30, 2021
Keywords:
caffeine, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, prevention, sedentary
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Current circumstances regarding the development of cardiovascular disease in Indonesia is causing remarkable concerns as its metabolic risk factors become more uncontrollable. As a way to prevent cardiovascular disease, physical activity must be done adequately and efficiently, especially in sedentary individuals, to improve metabolic profile. This review is aimed to assess the effect of caffeine to various physical activity and metabolic parameters in sedentary individuals.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, and Scopus, in search for clinical trials implementing caffeine together with physical activity in sedentary individuals and its efficacy in prevention, thus correlating it with cardiovascular risk factors. Quality assessments of studies selected were performed with Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0).
Discussion: The search yielded 5 clinical trials with a total of 90 subjects. Caffeine in addition to physical activity is proven effective in controlling various metabolic parameters in sedentary subjects. The intervention elicits more efficient weight loss, induces more energy consumption, improvement in VO2max, and increases oxygen consumption. Caffeine also improves lipid profile as well as blood pressure. No significant adverse effects are reported.
Conclusion: Caffeine showed promising potentials in increasing the effectiveness of physical activity in controlling metabolic profile and eventually lower the risk for cardiovascular diseases in sedentary individuals. Further studies with larger samples are required in order to substantiate the evidence.
Article Details
How to Cite
Dirjayanto, V. (2021). THE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS OF SEDENTARY POPULATION IN RELATION TO CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 9(2), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i2.409
Section
Article Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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16. Leelarungrayub D, Sallepan M, Charoenwattana S. Effects of Acute Caffeinated Coffee Consumption on Energy Utilization Related to Glucose and Lipid Oxidation from Short Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Sedentary Men. Nutr Metab Insights [Internet]. 2011 Jan 24;4:NMI.S8299. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/NMI.S8299
17. Jacobson KA, Gao ZG, Matricon P, Eddy MT, Carlsson J. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: from caffeine to selective non-xanthines. Br J Pharmacol. 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1111/bph.15103. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32424811.
18. Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Campbell WW, Jakicic JM, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL; 2018 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES ADVISORY COMMITTEE*. Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Jun;51(6):1270-1281. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001939. PMID: 31095084; PMCID: PMC6527136.
19. Lockwood CM, Moon JR, Smith AE, Tobkin SE, Kendall KL, Graef JL, et al. Low-Calorie Energy Drink Improves Physiological Response to Exercise in Previously Sedentary Men: A Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study. J Strength Cond Res [Internet]. 2010 Aug;24(8):2227–38. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00124278-201008000-00035
20. Laurence G, Wallman K, Guelfi K. Effects of caffeine on time trial performance in sedentary men. J Sports Sci [Internet]. 2012 Aug;30(12):1235–40. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02640414.2012.693620
21. Kumar N, Warren GL, Snow TK, Millard-Stafford M. Caffeine Ingestion With or Without Low-Dose Carbohydrate Improves Exercise Tolerance in Sedentary Adults. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2019 Feb 12;6. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2019.00009/full
22. Fernández-Elías VE, Del Coso J, Hamouti N, Ortega JF, Muñoz G, Muñoz-Guerr J, et al. Ingestion of a Moderately High Caffeine Dose Before Exercise Increases Postexercise Energy Expenditure. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab [Internet]. 2015 Feb;25(1):46–53. Available from: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijsnem/25/1/article-p46.xml
23. Tune JD, Goodwill AG, Sassoon DJ, Mather KJ. Cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res [Internet]. 2017 May;183:57–70. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1931524416303097
24. Wing RR, Lang W, Wadden TA, Safford M, Knowler WC, Bertoni AG, et al. Benefits of Modest Weight Loss in Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2011 Jul 1;34(7):1481–6. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/dc10-2415
25. Marangon AFC, Helou T, Gonzalez DV. Effect of caffeine on lipid profile in ciclism practitioners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr [Internet]. 2012 Nov 19;9(S1):P20. Available from: https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-9-S1-P20
26. Mok A, Khaw KT, Luben R, Wareham N, Brage S. Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2019 Jun 26;365:l2323. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l2323. PMID: 31243014; PMCID: PMC6592407.
27. Mann S, Beedie C, Jimenez A. Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports Med. 2014 Feb;44(2):211-21. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0110-5. PMID: 24174305; PMCID: PMC3906547.
33. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.81.5.1721
28. Ference BA, Yoo W, Alesh I, Mahajan N, Mirowska KK, Mewada A, Kahn J, Afonso L, Williams KA Sr, Flack JM. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Dec 25;60(25):2631-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 17. PMID: 23083789.
29. Farag NH, Whitsett TL, McKey BS, Wilson MF, Vincent AS, Everson-Rose SA, et al. Caffeine and Blood Pressure Response: Sex, Age, and Hormonal Status. J Women’s Heal [Internet]. 2010 Jun;19(6):1171–6. Available from: http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jwh.2009.1664
30. Shearer J. Methodological and metabolic considerations in the study of caffeine-containing energy drinks. Nutr Rev. 2014 Oct;72 Suppl 1:137-45. doi: 10.1111/nure.12131. PMID: 25293552.
2. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Penyakit Jantung Penyebab Kematian Terbanyak ke-2 di Indonesia [Internet]. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2019 [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20190926/1731807/penyakit-jantung-penyebab-kematian-terbanyak-2-indonesia/
3. O'Rourke MF, Safar ME, Dzau V. The Cardiovascular Continuum extended: aging effects on the aorta and microvasculature. Vasc Med. 2010 Dec;15(6):461-8. doi: 10.1177/1358863X10382946. Epub 2010 Nov 5. PMID: 21056945.
4. World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health, 18-64 years old [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2020. Available from: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/physical-activity-recommendations-18-64years.pdf?ua=1
5. Karatas S, Yesim T, Beysel S. Impact of lockdown COVID-19 on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy people. Prim Care Diabetes [Internet]. 2021 Jan; Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1751991821000036
6. Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 May 28;12(6):1583. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1583
7. Ruissen MM, Regeer H, Landstra CP, Schroijen M, Jazet I, Nijhoff MF, et al. Increased stress, weight gain and less exercise in relation to glycemic control in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care [Internet]. 2021 Jan 11;9(1):e002035. Available from: https://drc.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002035
8. Júdice PB, Matias CN, Santos DA, Magalhães JP, Hamilton MT, Sardinha LB, et al. Caffeine Intake, Short Bouts of Physical Activity, and Energy Expenditure: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial. Lucia A, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2013 Jul 15;8(7):e68936. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068936
9. Schrader P, Panek LM, Temple JL. Acute and chronic caffeine administration increases physical activity in sedentary adults. Nutr Res [Internet]. 2013 Jun;33(6):457–63. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0271531713000766
10. Baltazar-Martins JG, Brito de Souza D, Aguilar M, Grgic J, Del Coso J. Infographic. The road to the ergogenic effect of caffeine on exercise performance. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2020 May;54(10):618–9. Available from: https://bjsm.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101018
11. Grgic J, Mikulic P, Schoenfeld BJ, Bishop DJ, Pedisic Z. The Influence of Caffeine Supplementation on Resistance Exercise: A Review. Sports Med. 2019 Jan;49(1):17-30. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0997-y. PMID: 30298476.
12. Duncan MJ, Stanley M, Parkhouse N, Cook K, Smith M. Acute caffeine ingestion enhances strength performance and reduces perceived exertion and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise. Eur J Sport Sci [Internet]. 2013 Jul;13(4):392–9. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461391.2011.635811
13. Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, Chaimani A, Schmid CH, Cameron C, Ioannidis JP, Straus S, Thorlund K, Jansen JP, Mulrow C, Catalá-López F, Gøtzsche PC, Dickersin K, Boutron I, Altman DG, Moher D. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jun 2;162(11):777-84. doi: 10.7326/M14-2385. PMID: 26030634.
14. Wickham KA, Spriet LL. Administration of Caffeine in Alternate Forms. Sport Med [Internet]. 2018 Mar 24;48(S1):79–91. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40279-017-0848-2
15. Wallman KE, Goh JW, Guelfi KJ. Effects of caffeine on exercise performance in sedentary females. J Sports Sci Med [Internet]. 2010;9(2):183–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149684
16. Leelarungrayub D, Sallepan M, Charoenwattana S. Effects of Acute Caffeinated Coffee Consumption on Energy Utilization Related to Glucose and Lipid Oxidation from Short Submaximal Treadmill Exercise in Sedentary Men. Nutr Metab Insights [Internet]. 2011 Jan 24;4:NMI.S8299. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.4137/NMI.S8299
17. Jacobson KA, Gao ZG, Matricon P, Eddy MT, Carlsson J. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: from caffeine to selective non-xanthines. Br J Pharmacol. 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1111/bph.15103. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32424811.
18. Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Campbell WW, Jakicic JM, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL; 2018 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GUIDELINES ADVISORY COMMITTEE*. Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Jun;51(6):1270-1281. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001939. PMID: 31095084; PMCID: PMC6527136.
19. Lockwood CM, Moon JR, Smith AE, Tobkin SE, Kendall KL, Graef JL, et al. Low-Calorie Energy Drink Improves Physiological Response to Exercise in Previously Sedentary Men: A Placebo-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study. J Strength Cond Res [Internet]. 2010 Aug;24(8):2227–38. Available from: http://journals.lww.com/00124278-201008000-00035
20. Laurence G, Wallman K, Guelfi K. Effects of caffeine on time trial performance in sedentary men. J Sports Sci [Internet]. 2012 Aug;30(12):1235–40. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02640414.2012.693620
21. Kumar N, Warren GL, Snow TK, Millard-Stafford M. Caffeine Ingestion With or Without Low-Dose Carbohydrate Improves Exercise Tolerance in Sedentary Adults. Front Nutr [Internet]. 2019 Feb 12;6. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2019.00009/full
22. Fernández-Elías VE, Del Coso J, Hamouti N, Ortega JF, Muñoz G, Muñoz-Guerr J, et al. Ingestion of a Moderately High Caffeine Dose Before Exercise Increases Postexercise Energy Expenditure. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab [Internet]. 2015 Feb;25(1):46–53. Available from: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijsnem/25/1/article-p46.xml
23. Tune JD, Goodwill AG, Sassoon DJ, Mather KJ. Cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res [Internet]. 2017 May;183:57–70. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1931524416303097
24. Wing RR, Lang W, Wadden TA, Safford M, Knowler WC, Bertoni AG, et al. Benefits of Modest Weight Loss in Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2011 Jul 1;34(7):1481–6. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/dc10-2415
25. Marangon AFC, Helou T, Gonzalez DV. Effect of caffeine on lipid profile in ciclism practitioners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr [Internet]. 2012 Nov 19;9(S1):P20. Available from: https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-9-S1-P20
26. Mok A, Khaw KT, Luben R, Wareham N, Brage S. Physical activity trajectories and mortality: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2019 Jun 26;365:l2323. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l2323. PMID: 31243014; PMCID: PMC6592407.
27. Mann S, Beedie C, Jimenez A. Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports Med. 2014 Feb;44(2):211-21. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0110-5. PMID: 24174305; PMCID: PMC3906547.
33. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.81.5.1721
28. Ference BA, Yoo W, Alesh I, Mahajan N, Mirowska KK, Mewada A, Kahn J, Afonso L, Williams KA Sr, Flack JM. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Dec 25;60(25):2631-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 17. PMID: 23083789.
29. Farag NH, Whitsett TL, McKey BS, Wilson MF, Vincent AS, Everson-Rose SA, et al. Caffeine and Blood Pressure Response: Sex, Age, and Hormonal Status. J Women’s Heal [Internet]. 2010 Jun;19(6):1171–6. Available from: http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jwh.2009.1664
30. Shearer J. Methodological and metabolic considerations in the study of caffeine-containing energy drinks. Nutr Rev. 2014 Oct;72 Suppl 1:137-45. doi: 10.1111/nure.12131. PMID: 25293552.