PROBIOTIC POTENCY AS INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES REGULATOR IN IMPROVING COVID-19 PATIENT'S CLINICAL OUTCOME
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Published:
Apr 5, 2022
Keywords:
COVID-19, cytokine storm, probiotics, type-1 interferon
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several recent studies have shown that cytokine storm, robust viral replication, and delayed Interferon type 1 (IFN-I) signaling contribute to the severity of COVID-19 . The slow response of IFN-I leads to the increased accumulation of pathogenic monocytes resulting in pulmonary immunopathology, vascular leakage, and suboptimal T cell response. In addition, other studies have reported that administration of probiotics can mediate antiviral responses against human coronavirus. We discuss about the potential of probiotics to regulate cytokine storms and the production of type-1 Interferon that implicates to clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients. This review is made from the results of a qualitative synthesis from various valid sources. The results show that several types of probiotics can supress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in cytokine storms and enhance the production of type-1 IFN. Through the mechanism of preventing cytokine storms and increasing type-1 production, probiotics are expected to become a regulator of immune system that can improve clinical performance in COVID-19 patients. Although further detailed research on a larger scale is still required to prove that probiotics can be a solution for the treatment of viral infections.
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How to Cite
SUCIANGTO, W., Zainal, A. T., & Nasrum, N. I. (2022). PROBIOTIC POTENCY AS INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES REGULATOR IN IMPROVING COVID-19 PATIENT’S CLINICAL OUTCOME. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 9(3), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v9i3.456
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Article Review
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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2. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 16]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int
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4. Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, et al. Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front Immunol [Internet]. 2020 May 1 [cited 2020 Sep 20];11. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7205903/
5. Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, et al. Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020 01;130(5):2620–9.
6. Channappanavar R, Fehr AR, Vijay R, Mack M, Zhao J, Meyerholz DK, et al. Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice. Cell Host and Microbe. 2016;19(2):181–93.
7. Channappanavar R, Fehr AR, Zheng J, Wohlford-Lenane C, Abrahante JE, Mack M, et al. IFN-I response timing relative to virus replication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2019;129(9):3625–39.
8. Kawahara T, Takahashi T, Oishi K, Tanaka H, Masuda M, Takahashi S, et al. Consecutive oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum MM-2 improves the defense system against influenza virus infection by enhancing natural killer cell activity in a murine model. Microbiol Immunol. 2015 Jan;59(1):1–12.
9. Schmitter T, Fiebich BL, Fischer JT, Gajfulin M, Larsson N, Rose T, et al. Ex vivo anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics for periodontal health. J Oral Microbiol. 2018;10(1):1502027.
10. Shibata T, Kanayama M, Haida M, Fujimoto S, Oroguchi T, Sata K, et al. Lactococcus lactis JCM5805 activates anti-viral immunity and reduces symptoms of common cold and influenza in healthy adults in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Functional Foods. 2016 Jun 1;24:492–500.
11. Schneider WM, Chevillotte MD, Rice CM. Interferon-stimulated genes: A complex web of host defenses. Vol. 32, Annual Review of Immunology. Annual Reviews Inc.; 2014. p. 513–45.
12. Totura AL, Baric RS. SARS coronavirus pathogenesis: Host innate immune responses and viral antagonism of interferon. Current Opinion in Virology. 2012;2(3):264–75.
13. Hadjadj J, Yatim N, Barnabei L, Corneau A, Boussier J, Smith N, et al. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science. 2020 Aug 7;369(6504):718–24.
14. Akour A. Probiotics and COVID‐19: is there any link? Lett Appl Microbiol [Internet]. 2020 Jun 4 [cited 2020 Sep 20]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300613/
15. Yu H-S, Lee N-K, Choi A-J, Choe J-S, Paik CHB and H-D. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Probiotic Strain Weissella cibaria JW15 Isolated from Kimchi through Regulation of NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. 2019 Jul 28;29(7):1022–32.
16. Mahooti M, Miri SM, Abdolalipour E, Ghaemi A. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on respiratory viral infections: A hint for COVID-19 treatment? Microbial Pathogenesis. 2020 Nov 1;148:104452.
17. Oh NS, Joung JY, Lee JY, Kim Y. Probiotic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15 and Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 isolated from infant feces. PLoS One [Internet]. 2018 Feb 14 [cited 2020 Oct 4];13(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812581/
18. Lee J, Yang W, Hostetler A, Schultz N, Suckow MA, Stewart KL, et al. Characterization of the anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus reuteri BM36301 and its probiotic benefits on aged mice. BMC Microbiol [Internet]. 2016 Apr 19 [cited 2020 Oct 4];16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4837529/
19. Lebeer S, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Host interactions of probiotic bacterial surface molecules: comparison with commensals and pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Mar;8(3):171–84.
20. Yousefi B, Eslami M, Ghasemian A, Kokhaei P, Salek Farrokhi A, Darabi N. Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(6):8008–18.
21. Ménard S, Candalh C, Bambou JC, Terpend K, Cerf-Bensussan N, Heyman M. Lactic acid bacteria secrete metabolites retaining anti-inflammatory properties after intestinal transport. Gut. 2004 Jun;53(6):821–8.
22. Enaud R, Prevel R, Ciarlo E, Beaufils F, Wieërs G, Guery B, et al. The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol [Internet]. 2020 Feb 19 [cited 2020 Sep 20];10. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7042389/
23. Villena J, Salva S, Barbieri N. Immunobiotics for the Prevention of Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Infections. In: Alvarez S, editor. Probiotics [Internet]. CRC Press; 2013 [cited 2020 Oct 4]. p. 129–68. Available from: http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/b15532-7
24. Sugimura T, Jounai K, Ohshio K, Tanaka T, Suwa M, Fujiwara D. Immunomodulatory effect of Lactococcus lactis JCM5805 on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Clin Immunol. 2013 Dec;149(3):509–18.
25. Takeda S, Takeshita M, Kikuchi Y, Dashnyam B, Kawahara S, Yoshida H, et al. Efficacy of oral administration of heat-killed probiotics from Mongolian dairy products against influenza infection in mice: alleviation of influenza infection by its immunomodulatory activity through intestinal immunity. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011 Dec;11(12):1976–83.
26. Waki N, Yajima N, Suganuma H, Buddle BM, Luo D, Heiser A, et al. Oral administration of Lactobacillus brevis KB290 to mice alleviates clinical symptoms following influenza virus infection. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2014 Jan;58(1):87–93.
27. Eguchi K, Fujitani N, Nakagawa H, Miyazaki T. Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection with probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055. Scientific Reports. 2019 Mar 18;9(1):4812.
28. d’Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G, Marazzato M, Campagna G, Pinacchio C, Alessandri F, et al. Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) [Internet]. 2020 Jul 7 [cited 2020 Sep 6];7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358304/