HERBAL BALM INNOVATION FROM JERIANGAU (ACORUS CALAMUS) EXTRACT: A REVIEW OF SUPPORTIVE MEDICAL POTENTIAL AS AROMATHERAPY AND PAIN RELIEF Use of Herbs as Raw Materials for Supportive Therapy
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Published:
Feb 29, 2024
Keywords:
aromatherapy, asarone, herbal balm, jeriangau, pain reliever
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Indonesia is an area that has various types of medicinal plants, but until now only about 1,200 species are used as raw materials for traditional medicines or herbs. A. calamus (Acoraceae) or jeriangau is a medicinal plant that has a rhizome. Jeriangau is used as a raw material for traditional medicine for various therapeutic purposes. This is because jeriangau contains chemical glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and essential oils that can be used as aromatherapy.
Discussion: Jeriangau is an annual herb used as a traditional medicine. This plant is an aromatic plant with a spicy taste. Jeriangau rhizome has anti-spasmodic, aromatic, expectorant, anti-nausea, sedative properties, stimulant effects, mental illness, diarrhea, and bronchitis. Jeriangau essential oil serves as a pain reliever for toothaches and headaches. The rhizome of the Jeriangau plant contains 1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-(1-prophenyl)-benzene essential oil or better known as asarone. Asarone is the main content in leaves while acorenon is the main content in rhizomes. It suggests the presence of atropine-like anticholinergic effects. Jeriangau compound has analgesic, sedative and neurodepressive properties which can have a sedative effect. In neonates with diarrhea, the spasmolytic and antisecretory effect of the extract can reduce the frequency of watery bowel movements, inhibitory responses to different spasmogens, and airway relaxation.
Conclusion: Jeriangau with essential oil and several bioactive components such as asarone and isocalamendiol has the potential as a pain reliever and aromatherapy
Article Details
How to Cite
Rahmaddiansyah, R., Rahmi, W., Yurensi, N., & Rita, R. S. (2024). HERBAL BALM INNOVATION FROM JERIANGAU (ACORUS CALAMUS) EXTRACT: A REVIEW OF SUPPORTIVE MEDICAL POTENTIAL AS AROMATHERAPY AND PAIN RELIEF. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 10(2), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v10i2.719
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2. Tobing IS, Sukara E. Industri Berbasis Keanekaragaman Hayati, Masa Depan Indonesia. Vis Vitalis. 2008;01(2):1–12.
3. Latifah S, Hartini KS, Sadeli A, Yuandani. Identification of medicinal plants used by the community for indigenous poultry health management. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2021;1122(1).
4. Bayoa DLM, C.L.K.Sarayar, M.Najoan, W.Utiah. The addition effectiveness of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and curcuma zedoaria rox flours in commercial ration on performances og broilers. J zootek. 2014;34(Mei).
5. Li JWH, Vederas JC. Drug discovery and natural products: End of an era or an endless frontier? Vol. 325, Science. 2009.
6. Boyd A, Bleakley C, Gill C, Mcdonough S, Hurley DA, Bell P, Mcveigh JG, Hannon-Fletcher M. Herbal medicinal products or preparations for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Vol. 2016, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016.
7. Garg G, Adams JD. Treatment of neuropathic pain with plant medicines. Chin J Integr Med. 2012;18(8).
8. Wang LX, Wang ZJ. Animal and cellular models of chronic pain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003;55(8).
9. Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of the role of orexin system in pain modulation. Vol. 90, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2017.
10. Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, Hansson P, Hughes R, Nurmikko T, Serra J. Neuropathic pain: Redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Vol. 70, Neurology. 2008.
11. Mulla SM, Buckley DN, Moulin DE, Couban R, Izhar Z, Agarwal A, Panju A, Wang L, Kallyth SM, Turan A, Montori VM, Sessler DI, Thabane L, Guyatt GH, Busse JW. Management of chronic neuropathic pain: A protocol for a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2014;4(11).
12. Forouzanfar F, Amin B, Ghorbani A, Ghazavi H, Ghasemi F, Sadri K, Mehri S, Sadeghnia HR, Hosseinzadeh H. New approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain: Fibroblast growth factor 1 gene-transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pain (United Kingdom). 2018;22(2).
13. Quintans JSS, Antoniolli ÂR, Almeida JRGS, Santana-Filho VJ, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Natural products evaluated in neuropathic pain models - a systematic review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;114(6).
14. Vranken JH. Current Approaches to the Management of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. In: Journal of Pain and Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy. 2015.
15. Muchtaromah B, Ahmad M, S EK, A YM, A VL. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum. KnE Life Sci. 2017;3(6).
16. Phongpaichit S, Pujenjob N, Rukachaisirikul V, Ongsakul M. Antimicrobial activities of the crude methanol extractof Acorus calamus Linn. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol. 2005;27.
17. Venskutonis PR, Dagilyte A. Composition of essential oil of sweet flag (acorus calamus L.) leaves at different growing phases. J Essent Oil Res. 2003;15(5).
18. Kemenkes RI. Farmakope Indonesia edisi VI. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2020.
19. Jumardin W, Amin S, Syahdan NM. Formulation of Balm from Basil Leaf Extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn) and Its Use as Traditional Medicine. J Ilm As-Syifaa. 2015;7(1).
20. Altaf M, Manoharadas S, Zeyad MT. Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Acorus calamus extract and their antibiofilm activity against bacterial pathogens. Microsc Res Tech. 2021;84(8):1638–48.
21. Ledianasari, Tristiyanti D, Tanjung EM, Barani L. Microencapsulation of Jeringau Rhizome essential oils (Acorus calamus L.) using β-cyclodextrin. Pharm Educ. 2021;21(2):189–94.
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23. Dong W, Yang D, Lu R. Chemical constituents from the rhizome of acorus calamus L. Planta Med. 2010;76(5):454–7.
24. Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015;5(8):601–11.
25. Varrassi G, Alon E, Bagnasco M, Lanata L, Mayoral-Rojals V, Paladini A, Pergolizzi J V., Perrot S, Scarpignato C, Tölle T. Towards an Effective and Safe Treatment of Inflammatory Pain: A Delphi-Guided Expert Consensus. Adv Ther. 2019;36(10):2618–37.
26. Vonkeman HE, van de Laar MAFJ. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Adverse Effects and Their Prevention. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010;39(4):294–312.
27. Safrina N, Susanti R, Sari R. Uji efek antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol rimpang jeringau merah (Acorus Sp.) terhadap radang kaki tikus jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi karagenan. J CDK-265. 2018;45(6)(6):409–13.
28. Al-Khayri JM, Sahana GR, Nagella P, Joseph B V., Alessa FM, Al-Mssallem MQ. Flavonoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Molecules: A Review. Molecules. 2022;27(9).
29. Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Tomé SM, Silva AMS, Laufer S, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Flavonoids Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 Enzymes and Cytokine/Chemokine Production in Human Whole Blood. Inflammation. 2015;38(2):858–70.
30. Lopatina KA, Safonova EA, Nevskaya K V., Stakheeva MN, Gur’ev AM, Zueva EP, Razina TG, Amosova EN, Krylov SG, Belousov M V. Effect of Acorus calamus L. Polysaccharide on CD274 and CD326 Expression by Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells in Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017;164(1):102–5.
31. Shah AJ, Gilani AH. Bronchodilatory effect of Acorus calamus (Linn.) is mediated through multiple pathways. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;131(2):471–7.
32. Godfraind T. Discovery and development of calcium channel blockers. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8(MAY):1–25.
33. Hsu YT, Liao G, Bi X, Oka T, Tamura S, Baudry M. The PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine, differentially activates ERK in male and female rat striatal slices. Neuropharmacology. 2011;61(8):1275–81.
34. Hsu CL, Yen GC. Induction of cell apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by flavonoids is associated with their antioxidant activity. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006;50(11).
35. Dos Santos PDF, Francisco CRL, Coqueiro A, Leimann FV, Pinela J, Calhelha RC, Porto Ineu R, Ferreira ICFR, Bona E, Gonçalves OH. The nanoencapsulation of curcuminoids extracted from: Curcuma longa L. and an evaluation of their cytotoxic, enzymatic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Funct. 2019;10(2).
36. Tanigasalam V, Vishnu Bhat B, Adhisivam B, Plakkal N, Harichandra Kumar KT. Vasambu (Acorus calamus) Administration: A Harmful Infant Rearing Practice in South India. Indian J Pediatr. 2017;84(10):802–3.
37. Ukkirapandian K, E K, Udaykumar KP, Kandhi S, R M. The Neuroprotective Role of Acorus calamus in Developmental and Histopathological Changes in Autism-Induced Wistar Rats. Cureus. 2022;
38. Sharma V, Singh I, Chaudhary P. Acorus calamus (The Healing Plant): A review on its medicinal potential, micropropagation and conservation. Vol. 28, Natural Product Research. 2014.